Illustrative Case Examples

Representative clinical cases illustrating how the model supports medically complex inpatients through stabilization, discharge, and transition.

These cases reflect the types of medically complex inpatient populations the model is designed to support, along with the clinical and operational challenges that greater continuity can help address.

Behavioral and medical complexity with repeated readmissions

49-year-old woman with more than 40 hospital readmissions over four years

image of pharmacy community engagement activities
*The image shown is not of a real patient, and is for illustrative purposes only.
Patient details

Traditional inpatient care struggled to manage this patient’s severe medical, psychiatric, and behavioral complexity. Frequent readmissions, poor adherence, and psychiatric instability created persistent barriers to treatment, discharge planning, and safe transitions of care.  

  • Insulin-dependent diabetes
  • Schizoaffective disorder
  • Borderline personality disorder
  • 40+ readmissions from 2018–2021 related to medication nonadherence

Presented with traumatic injury and severe subsequent medical complications in the setting of longstanding medical, psychiatric, and substance use complexity.

Juliana team intervention

The interdisciplinary Juliana team coordinated medical stabilization, behavioral support, and multidisicplinary disposition planning:

  • Cross-specialty coordination across medicine, orthopedics, infectious disease, and psychiatry
  • Tailored neurobehavioral management
  • Early skilled nursing facility planning
  • Behavioral strategies that supported opioid tapering, adherence, and reduced escalation risk

Over time, the team built enough trust to support a safe transition to a skilled nursing facility.

The Outcome

The patient completed IV antibiotics, stabilized medically and behaviorally, and transitioned safely to a skilled nursing facility with a structured opioid taper plan.

Disposition barriers were resolved without further ICU transfer or readmission during the episode of care. The patient later transitioned to long-term care with improved stability and continuity.

  • Stabilized in the ambulatory setting
  • Living in a group home setting
  • No longer requires conservator fiduciary support

Medical instability and behavioral complexity creating discharge barriers

59-year-old man with medical instability and behavioral complexity complicating discharge planning

image of pharmacy community engagement activities
*The image shown is not of a real patient, and is for illustrative purposes only.
Patient details

Traditional inpatient care faced dual challenges: significant medical instability requiring aggressive diuresis, and behavioral complexity marked by agitation, provocative statements, and chronic self-harm risk. These factors prolonged length of stay and complicated disposition, while psychiatric admission criteria were not met.

  • Intellectual disability
  • Chronic suicidal ideation
  • Cocaine use disorder
  • Multiple medical comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and asthma

Recently hospitalized multiple times in the setting of suicidal statements and unstable housing. Juliana intervened during an admission for acute Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) exacerbation and hypoxic respiratory failure related to volume overload.

Juliana team intervention

The interdisciplinary Juliana team coordinated medical management, behavioral health support, and social work:

  • Structured behavioral plans
  • Positive reinforcement strategies to reduce escalation
  • Early coordination with the group home

Medical management included tailored diuresis, oxygen weaning, initiation of guideline-directed therapy, and psychiatric medication optimization with close monitoring of mood and behavior.

The Outcome

The patient stabilized medically, was weaned to room air at rest, and transitioned safely back to his group home with ongoing follow-up from Juliana case management and social work.

Behavioral risk was mitigated without psychiatric admission, and continuity was supported through outpatient cardiology and sleep medicine follow-up.

  • Did not require psychiatric admission
  • Stabilized medically
  • Returned safely to group home setting
  • Outpatient cardiology and sleep medicine referrals completed

Severe medical and social complexity with repeated post-acute placement failure

58-year-old woman with severe medical and social complexity and repeated post-acute placement failure

image of pharmacy community engagement activities
*The image shown is not of a real patient, and is for illustrative purposes only.
Patient details

Despite intensive inpatient care, the patient remained functionally “stuck” in the hospital due to a combination of medical frailty, fluctuating delirium, behavioral instability, and lack of viable post-acute options. Traditional hospitalist and case management approaches were unable to align medical stabilization with disposition planning, resulting in prolonged length of stay and recurrent utilization.

  • Intellectual disability
  • Severe medical, psychiatric, and social complexity
  • Poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), and HFpEF
  • Neurocognitive disorder
  • Substance use, homelessness, and recurrent trauma-related admissions

She endured 33 hospital admissions over six years, with repeated post-acute placement failures.

Juliana team intervention

The interdisciplinary Juliana team coordinated  medical, behavioral, and disposition challenges simultaneously:

  • Tailored neurobehavioral management when standard antipsychotic strategies were ineffective
  • Longitudinal planning during a prolonged admission
  • Structured behavioral plans
  • Close collaboration across medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and case management

The Outcome

The patient was medically stabilized despite multiple complications, conservatorship was established, and disposition barriers were resolved. She successfully transitioned to post-acute care, then to long-term care, and has had no further acute care presentations since enrollment.

From Recurrent Admissions to Stable Placement

This story illustrates how an inpatient polychronic care model can convert patients traditionally viewed as difficult to place into safe, stable discharges — reducing repeat admissions, improving discharge reliability, freeing inpatient capacity, and helping hospitals manage their highest-risk patients more effectively.